SIAP: Covid-19 and Dexamethasone

Submitted by FauxMo on June 22nd, 2020 at 10:39 AM

Had not seen this posted, but Dexamethasone may be the first truly great news about a viable treatment for the most critically ill Covid-19 patients (i.e. those on ventilators or received oxygen support). To quote the article: "It cut the risk of death by a third for patients on ventilators. For those on oxygen, it cut deaths by a fifth." I did a search and ironically, the drug was mentioned in late March as something that should NOT be used in treatments by a poster, highlighting the uncertainty in all this.

https://www.bbc.com/news/health-53061281 

It's a cheap, widely available drug that's been around for 60+ years. In other articles, not the attached, I have read it is being used widely in a few major US hospital systems, with others now following suit based on these recent developments.

befuggled

June 22nd, 2020 at 2:50 PM ^

The 80-year-old grandpa method (phrasing the search as "what does siap mean") gets you better results than just searching for "siap" instead.

The Grandpa method gets me the meaning with the first result. The other method gets you the UN Statistical Institute for Asia and the Pacific as the first hit and frankly none of the results on the first page are applicable.

Mgoblog got you the result right away.

Disclaimer: thanks to machine learning and targeted advertising and all that, your search results may be different. 

blue in dc

June 22nd, 2020 at 10:49 AM ^

They are also having success with low dose radiation.

Researchers at Emory University Hospital, led by Dr. Mohammad Khan, Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology, treated five COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia who were requiring supplemental oxygen and whose health was visibly deteriorating. Their mean age was 90 with a range from 64 to 94, four were female, four were African-American, and one was Caucasian.

These patients were given a single low-dose of radiation (1.5 Gy) to both lungs, delivered by a front and back beam configuration. Patients were in an out of the Radiotherapy Department in 10 to 15 minutes.

Within 24 hours, four of the patients showed rapid improvement in oxygenation and mental status (more awake, alert and talkative) and were being discharged from the hospital 12 days later. Blood tests and repeated imaging of the lungs confirmed that the radiation was safe and effective, and did not cause adverse effects - no acute skin, pulmonary, gastrointestinal or genitourinary toxicities.

 

UMBSnMBA

June 22nd, 2020 at 1:22 PM ^

I know that you are trying to be clever, but the technology, Healight, is well on its way to being available.  It was announced four days before Trump mentioned it.  It is not clear if he was referencing this particular company or just generally speculating on the possibility.  I read about it in the WSJ, but I believe the article is paywalled.

http://rockrivertimes.com/2020/05/16/company-tests-uv-light-treatment-trump-was-mocked-for-suggesting/

MGoStretch

June 22nd, 2020 at 1:52 PM ^

Eh, it was absolutely clear he was not referencing that particular company.  He described his thought process as if he was inventing it.  So he was either a.)waxing poetically about something he clearly knows nothing about or b.)doing a horrible job of representing the achievements of a legitimate company.  This convo shouldn't go off in a political direction.  If you read his quotes apolitically, those are the only two ways his statements could be interpreted.

Here are some of the relevant quotes, emphasis mine:

“Supposing we hit the body with a tremendous — whether it’s ultraviolet or just very powerful light,” Mr. Trump said. “And I think you said that hasn’t been checked, but we’re going to test it?” “And then I said, supposing you brought the light inside the body, either through the skin or some other way.”

Qmatic

June 22nd, 2020 at 10:50 AM ^

Originally it was stated that it wasn’t going to be used because they weren’t sure if lung function or the immune system was what needed to be the focus of the treatment. The fear was that while aiding the immune system this drug could attack the lung too much. Seems now that they feel the immune system needs to be the focus.

MGoStretch

June 22nd, 2020 at 11:43 AM ^

Small clarification...  Dex would have no potential role in attacking the lungs.  While steroids have a bunch of other issues (hypertension, steroid induced diabetes, fluid retention, mood lability, etc...) they don't harm the lungs.  They're going to act as an immunosuppressant, so they don't "aid" the immune system in the sense they bolster the defenses.  Quite the opposite, they tell the immune system to chill out.  To your latter point, that's spot on, it does seem that the exaggerated immune response is what gets folks in the most trouble and steroids are excellent at tamping down that process.  

Gentleman Squirrels

June 22nd, 2020 at 12:00 PM ^

The exaggerated immune response is essentially what is being seen with MIS-C (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children) which is a syndrome seen in pediatric patients who were previously infected with COVID-19. Even the criteria for the disease requires more than 2 systems involved with increased inflammatory markers

teldar

June 23rd, 2020 at 10:31 AM ^

Good summation. I had not heard that there was a concern about Dexamethasone or other steroids attacking the lungs. Seems spurious to me as steroids are frequently given for lung infections or issues, bronchitis, for example.

I haven't tracked treatments for covid a whole lot because it's not my field, but it surprised me that steroids were not a first line medication for a hyper inflammatory response.

CFraser

June 22nd, 2020 at 11:46 AM ^

Steroids suppress the immune system in a lot of different ways and cause fluid retention - both are very undesirable in a case of a infection that often results in a pneumonia.  However, once the benefit outweighs those risks (extreme inflammation of the lungs that prevents gas exchange even with ventilation), it's a very effective anti-inflammatory and could potentially save lives in the extreme cases.  This isn't anything new though and it has been in the playbook since COVID started.  As you said, they've been around for pretty much all of modern medicine. Cortisone was used in the late 40's.  We have a lot of experience with using them and it's usually reserved for non-infectious inflammatory processes (autoimmune or asthma-type stuff) due to severe immunosuppression.  It's even used explicitly to cause this in the case of organ transplantation to prevent rejection.  

Suavdaddy

June 22nd, 2020 at 7:01 PM ^

This steroid is actually used by mountainclimbers who are suffering from altitude sickness becuase they are finding that COVID is not attacking the lungs but actually blood cells, specifically stripping red blood cells of nitrogen.  Why is N important?  Because it helps to exchange CO for O in the lungs.  In essence, COVID is causing people to suffocate, much like they do from altitude sickness.  Thus, it should be logical that a steroid that allows people to quickly from altitude sickness would assist in helping those who were struggling to breathe for lack of oxygen.  

Smells.Like.Victory

June 22nd, 2020 at 12:00 PM ^

I've been prescribed prednisone for times when my immune system gets overly aggressive and I break out into a rash which basically nothing else can stop once it gets started. I've been wondering if the same type of steroid treatment would work for cases where the damage is coming from basically the bodies response to the virus which I believe is the main cause for death in coronavirus. 

But like others no doubt heard early on they decided to not go that route and I can't remember why but like with my case the skin is just another organ so hopefully this helps. Prednisone and dexamethasone are both corticosteroids and both are cheap even without insurance.

Side note for a long time doctors thought that rashes I would get were the result of poison ivy or oak or something else and it wasn't until I saw a nurse practitioner in Northern Michigan on vacation one day that she listened and then correctly identified it as a result of stress. Since that time like 10 years ago I have only had the issue once more and now know that if my wrists start to itch I start to look for ways to reduce stress etc.

Wendyk5

June 22nd, 2020 at 11:14 PM ^

I took it when I found out I was allergic to pencillin in my late 20's. I broke out in such intense hives, I couldn't sleep and the itch was so bad, I had to lay on a scratchy rug to scratch my back. My throat started to close up as well. The prednisone saved me. But yes, they don't like patients to take it more than they need to. 

SFBayAreaBlue

June 22nd, 2020 at 12:10 PM ^

Ok, so just to be clear about these drugs, they are immuno suppressors.  They suppress your immune system.  Some of the most severe cases of covid-19 are when your own immune system over-reacts because it can't figure out the bug.  So, these may be life saving drugs in these extreme cases, but ABSOLUTELY SHOULD NOT be taken if you only have mild symptoms or as a preventative.  DO NOT TAKE IMMUNO-SUPPRESSORS UNLESS YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM IS DESTROYING YOUR OWN BODY. 

Sopwith

June 22nd, 2020 at 3:51 PM ^

Yeah, if you hadn't said it I would have. The whole regime of Covid-19 treatment is a mix of accelerators and brakes, and this is the best widely available brake so far (the cheapest, at least). But you don't step on the brakes when you need the gas and vice versa, or bad things happen.

Bo Harbaugh

June 22nd, 2020 at 1:05 PM ^

Cautiously optimistic.  We’ve gone through a bundle of medications claiming to be the silver bullet, none of which have, as of yet, been proven to universally treat Covid specifically, but apparently symptoms related to it.

IE, anything to keep people alive is great news, but it seems none have been a one treatment fits all, hence none have passed clinical trials as THE standard recovery med.

Perhaps this needs to be the more realistic approach until if/when a universal vaccine arrives.

Gulogulo37

June 22nd, 2020 at 1:10 PM ^

https://twitter.com/KavinderMd/status/1274772379894460427?s=19

"A not heavily reported on factor is we are much much better at treatment now than we were 3 months ago. The major clinical breakthrough was treating cover more as a vasculitis and not as a viral pneumonia as it was initially treated." 

Some interesting and related notes from this doctor. I remember a while ago seeing that heart disease was actually the biggest risk factor, not smoking or lung disease.

MGoStretch

June 22nd, 2020 at 2:02 PM ^

Is this sarcasm?  You think that the United States government or some shadow organization is going to rid the world of a safe drug that's been around for 70yrs so that more people will die?  GTFO with that nonsense.  Seriously. That is a bad take and you should feel bad having typed it while thinking you were on a 4Chan board (unless you're being sarcastic, in which case, maybe be more clearly sarcastic)

MMB 82

June 22nd, 2020 at 5:34 PM ^

Dexamethasone is readily available, but over the past year we have been dealing with shortages of it, well before the pandemic. 

blueday

June 22nd, 2020 at 6:57 PM ^

Can't wait till China repays the world for this negligence versus the world propping up China.

Do you think they have the class to actually own up?

Eph97

June 22nd, 2020 at 10:43 PM ^

Leronlimab by Cytodyn (CYDY). Look it up and get in on the stock before it shoots up. Can shut down the cytokine cascase of Covid and also will be first line therapy for HIV.

schizontastic

June 24th, 2020 at 8:12 PM ^

Promising and many hospitals will likely give it to patients requiring suppl oxygen. But we really need a 2nd trial to confirm. I'll be the 2nd trial will have a smaller effect size (hopefully still positive though!).