OT - Leukemia being cured with modified HIV virus.

Submitted by canzior on

For those who are interested, Vice on HBO did a special about a doctor who has created a modified version of HIV and used it successfully to treat leukemia.  His patients have been recovering in 4-6 weeks.  This is something that is truly amazing, and for those who have HBO or those who have been touched by leukemia, I suggest watching it when you get a chance. 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/27/arts/television/enlisting-viruses-as-commandos-in-a-war-on-cancer.html?_r=0

OccaM

March 6th, 2015 at 1:28 PM ^

Not surprised. People have been trying to use viruses to limit cancer problems for awhile now. With enough genome adjustments, it could just work. Modified HIV and leukemia would make sense. 

(high emphasis on could) 

Sopwith

March 6th, 2015 at 1:57 PM ^

HIV and other "lentiviruses" have been the object of investigation for gene therapy since before I started my grad work in '97 (I worked with retroviral vectors but not HIV). They're good vectors for introducing therapeutic genes because they can integrate into the host genome without needing to drive the target cell into division, which is the trick with other retroviruses.

But clinical trials with viral vectors are fraught with peril... it can be very hard to predict how people's immune systems will react to the vector. The famous/infamous case of Jesse Gelsinger at Penn basically shut down viral vector clinical research in the US for years at about the same time I was working on it (the virus in that case was an adenovirus and not a retrovirus, but the NIH shut down all viral gene therapy clinical trials in the US). Retroviruses, in particular, because they insert into the DNA, can now and then insert into and inactivate an important gene (like a tumor suppressor), have some real risk associated with them. But viral engineering has advanced a good deal since then, and it's great to see all that basic research helping real patients with little hope otherwise.

 

OccaM

March 6th, 2015 at 2:58 PM ^

Ah that could be it. 

My background is in science, so I usually take these types of things with huge grains of salt b/c most of the time it's ignorant journalists sensationalizing a known topic in the field for clicks. 

Hence the "not surprising."

Reading the actual published material puts it in better perspective regarding the actual "breakthrough."

gopoohgo

March 6th, 2015 at 12:53 PM ^

The experimental protocol eliminated CLL in 3 patients, and thus far, without relapses.

There have been other gene therapies using various virion vectors (inactivated viruses used to insert pieces of genetic material into human host cells), and there have been some pretty catastrophic consequences noted when the initial studies (case series) were expanded to clinical trials (larger study groups, controlled v. placebo).

With cystic fibrosis, the adenovirus vector causes respiratory failure that resulted in the death of a pediatric patient.  

With T-cell modfication, there have been several mortalities, detailed in another article.

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/13/health/13gene.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&

lilpenny1316

March 6th, 2015 at 12:53 PM ^

This is why I encourage my kids to be creative and think outside the box with anything they do -- even how they use Play Doh.  When I get older, I want them to be able to have ideas like this doctor and so many other innovative people.  Of course I want their research done from an Ann Arbor zip code!

UMQuadz05

March 6th, 2015 at 12:59 PM ^

This treatment does work (yay!), but it will be very difficult to scale-up to commercial levels.  The modified HIV viruses work by inserting new genes into the patient's T cells, making them specific for that person's cancer.  This would have to be done invidivually each time, as there are a million (billion, probably) different types of "cancer cells".

dmblue

March 6th, 2015 at 1:08 PM ^

It will most likely only work on this cancer and possibly a couple other types at most. The T cells completely wiped out those patients' B cells, leaving them with a compromised immune system for the remainder of their lives.  Most cancers don't have a specific antigen that would allow T cells to target them specifically. 

Additionally, tumor lysis syndrome, which all of the patients experienced, can be deadly.   

UMQuadz05

March 6th, 2015 at 2:11 PM ^

Actually, almost all cancers have "a specific antigen"...usually some fetal gene that is turned on in the malignant cells.  Of course, to find it, you would have to perform genome-wide RNA screens of tumor cells, and that's just not feasible on a large scale yet.  A few cancers have well known markers, so maybe we'll see those come online next. 

TIMMMAAY

March 6th, 2015 at 1:04 PM ^

I watched that last week, interesting stuff. I recommend everyone check out Vice's youtube page, there are many great things to be found there. I love Vice, was happy to see HBO pick them up. 

markusr2007

March 6th, 2015 at 1:35 PM ^

So of course I never met him.  But I know it affected my grandmother and my mother greatly.  My mom lost her father at age 12.

He was an Assoc. Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the time when they were just starting to use caudal epidural anesthesia (late 1940s).

They could not do a whole lot to help leukemia patients in 1940s and 50s.

 

 

 

LSAClassOf2000

March 6th, 2015 at 1:58 PM ^

If I remember my history on this correctly, the potential of viruses as anti-cancer treatements has been at least theorized and to a small extent known for several decades, but coordinated research on the subject is a more recent phenomenon. I just remember reading somewhere that they've toyed with this since someone noted regression in certain cancers after immunization for unrelated illnesses. 

In any case, if this comes to fruition as a publicly available treatment, this would definitely be an excellent advancement indeed. I've watched two relatives pass on from leukemia as well as a friend, so anything to mitigate or eliminate this one (and all of them really). Like always, eff cancer. 

East German Judge

March 6th, 2015 at 2:12 PM ^

Once again, since the elimination of sexy bits, we have turned into the AMA blog.  Actually not a bad thing on a slow M sports day - truly The Michigan Difference!

 

p.s.  Can't imagine what the happens, nor do I intend to look, on slow sports days on the RCMB or 11 Warriors - lots of flatulence gifs I suppose???

Monkey House

March 6th, 2015 at 3:39 PM ^

most doctors believe a cure will happen within the next 25 years. to all cancers. this idea of using messels and such viruses has been around since the 40's, but the break thru has been in the engineering. pretty remarkable to think the next generation will think of cancer as we do of polio

west2

March 6th, 2015 at 6:15 PM ^

most researchers in the field don't speak of "cures" for cancer.  With individualized medicine concepts emerging and genomic screenings available now the variation in tumor/cancer response is indicating more of a management approach as opposed to eradication ideas.  Relevant to the gene therapy approach mentioned in the initial post the report stated a 90% remission response to the therapy, not a cure.   Additionally, a caveat to this is gene therapy has had some notable failures as mentioned by a previous post.  Cautious optimism should be used with some of these media driven reports regarding unpublished results.  

bacon

March 6th, 2015 at 8:07 PM ^

As someone actively working in the field, this technology is revolutionizing the thinking in leukemias, but the field of Cancer immunolotherapy is making even more impressive strides. I was just at a meeting a few weeks back and the data that are coming out now (very quickly) are showing that for many types of cancer, patients are getting "cured" of cancer at pretty high rates with new therapies. It's hard to say for sure that people are actually cured, but the results are good enough that the FDA is fast tracking and approving these drugs for approval at a rediculous rate (another one just this week!). If the pace of research continues like this, in 5 years the survival rates for many of the most deadly cancers will rise dramatically and almost certainly in 10 years these will be routine therapies for "curing" patients with several types of advanced cancer.