ESPN sues Ohio State

Submitted by BiSB on

Yep.  You read that right.  ESPN is suing Ohio State over an alleged Open Meetings Act/Public records-ish type violation:

The sports entertainment giant filed a lawsuit Monday with the Ohio Supreme Court claiming the university violated Ohio’s public records laws by failing to make available three different sets of public records sought by ESPN earlier this year. The lawsuit is essentially asking the state’s highest court to force OSU into releasing the records to ESPN. 

One set of records involves e-mails, letters and memos from Tressel, OSU President Gordon Gee, OSU director of sports compliance officer Doug Archie and Athletics Director Gene Smith related to Pennsylvania businessman Ted Sarniak that ESPN requested on April 20.

http://www.cleveland.com/open/index.ssf/2011/07/espn_sues_ohio_state_in_public.html

Popcorn?

SchrodingersCat

July 11th, 2011 at 7:58 PM ^

Note the following in the papers allegations served to OSU:

May 27, 2011, Ohio State responded to the records request by stating that it

 

would not release e-mails from Tressel, Doug Archie, or Gene Smith relating to Sarniak. Ohio State claimed that it was prohibited from doing so by the Federal Educational Rights and Privacy Act ("FERPA"). (See Exhibit B to Gubar Affidavit)
 
There is no way that FERPA serves to protect Arche or Smith and Sarniak. They didn't deny that the e-mails existed, they just said they couldn't legally produce them. Good luck convincing a bunch of judges that Arche and Smith are students....

dchubbs24

July 11th, 2011 at 7:58 PM ^

From my experience as an attorney in Ohio, OSU looks to be in a bad position with this suit. I'm familiar with Ohio's public records laws and it seems to me that unless FERPA applies, they will have to release all the records requested in accordance with state law.

This could be the straw that breaks the camel's back. I've heard from multiple people i trust, that more than just Tressel knew about the violations before this all came down.

Popcorn.

BiSB

July 11th, 2011 at 8:28 PM ^

Correct me if I'm wrong, but OSU's argument is that the contents of the e-mails are educational records for purposes of FERPA.  But if so, they couldn't have shared the information in them with Ted Sarniak, because he is not an authorized party under FERPA.

So, if they shared it with Sarniak, either (a) it isn't "educational records,"  and is therefore not covered by FERPA, or (b) they violated FERPA by sending the e-mail to Sarniak.

Am I reading this right?

BluePants

July 11th, 2011 at 8:45 PM ^

Maybe.. The OSU argument is that the emails are, for FERPA purposes, what are considered "student records.". There's varying jurisprudence and precedent on this, some saying that any paper with a student's name on it originating at or received by a school, with almost no exceptions (minus statutory carve outs) are "records" while other cases have ruled that the term "educational record" is much more narrowly construed, ie not every napkin or scrap/email. The way I see it, Tressel could email with Sarniak and not have it violate FERPA because it's just a third party talking to Tressel about a player. The discussion in the email makes it a protected record, because it's about TP. As he was TP's contact person for recruiting, there might be a level of privilege so long as Tressel isn't sitting there blabbing TP's grades or protected info. I could be reading this too broadly, and maybe any talking about a student at all is a FERPA violation, but I somehow doubt it. Also, I just don't know if Sarniak was a privileged person on TP's FERPA rights, but I'd also doubt that. What could make the conversations bad is a continued back and forth-by talking at length about TP, maybe Tressel is going beyond regular convo and divulging protected info. I don't know.

BiSB

July 11th, 2011 at 8:58 PM ^

But by my understanding of FERPA, ESPN and Ted Sarniak have the same level of privilege to student records: none.  So if they could legally send the information in those e-mails to Sarniak, they can legally send that exact same information to ESPN.  And if they couldn't legally send the information to Sarniak, but they did ANYWAY, then they're up an entirely different creek.

I'd encourage you (or anyone) to read FERPA and tell me if my reading is reasonable: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/20/1232g.html (starting at major subsection (b))

(P.S. How nerdy is it that during my break from bar studying I am analyzing statutes?) 

BluePants

July 11th, 2011 at 9:18 PM ^

I agree that Sarniak was probably not formally listed on TP's educational record as being able to view his records (an option in FERPA). He most likely was not able to solicit info re: TP from the university. However, I guess what I was saying was that if Sarniak initiated an email exchange with Tressel about TP, I'm kinda confident they could discuss him (Tressel probably couldn't reference other emails safely). I guess my problem here is I don't know who initiated the emails and what the initial content was. Also, since TP was 18, he could authorize Tressel to talk to Sarniak about him (seeing as Sarniak was TP's contact during recruiting, it's possible this happened)... But, if Sarniak wasn't authorized to receive TP's info, and Tressel gave out this info, then it is absolutely w FERPA-fail. If it's not protected by FERPA, then their argument for withholding it is basically irrelevant. I was just filling in some hypotheticals above.

EGD

July 11th, 2011 at 11:33 PM ^

I am no expert on FERPA, but I just scanned the statute and noticed that the statute uses the phrase "education records," but does not contain a definition for "education records."  I therefore turned to the implementing regulation, which is at 34 CFR Part 99, and found definitions for various FERPA terms there (at 34 CFR 99.3).

The definition of "education records" is pretty broad: "The term means those records
that are: (1) Directly related to a student; and (2) Maintained by an
educational agency or institution or by a party acting for the agency or institution." The definition also explicitly excludes certain types of recods, but none of the exceptions appear to cover the Sarniak e-mails.
I am not acquainted with the Ohio case law, and exceptions to public disclosure acts are usually interpreted narrowly, but it looks like OSU actually has a pretty decent argument under FERPA.  

 

MaizeAndBlueWahoo

July 11th, 2011 at 11:59 PM ^

If you read through the affidavit, ESPN's lawyer cites several cases where courts have held that emails on a server don't fit the criteria for "maintained education records" (among at least a dozen or two cases that they cite.)  In fact, some of the cases involve the media trying to get ahold of emails sitting on a university server that deal with NCAA violations.

justingoblue

July 12th, 2011 at 12:09 AM ^

The thing to remember is that ESPN likely has top lawyers versed in this law saying that the suit has a >50% chance of winning. Who knows what the suit will net or what will be revealed if it's successful, but I'm sure ESPN is confident of victory on legal advice.

SchrodingersCat

July 11th, 2011 at 8:06 PM ^

Can anyone see how they get out of this particular allegation? IMHO there is no legal defense for stupidly breaking the law out of ignorence or laziness:

 

13. On April 15, 2011, Tom Farrey, a correspondent for ESPN, made a public records request to Ohio State seeking "[a]ll documents and emails, Ietters and memos related to NCAA investigations prepared for and/or forwarded to the NCAA since 1/1/2010 related to an investigation of Jim Tressel." (See Exhibit A to Affidavit of Tom Farrey). Ohio State refused to provide the requested records. The University responded, "[w]e will not release anything on the pending investigation." (See Exhibit B to Farrey Affidavit). The University cited no legal authority to support this denial.
14. R.C. §149.43(B)(3) requires that "[i]f a request is ultimately denied, in part or in whole, the public office or the person responsible for the requested public record shall providethe requester with an explanation, including legal authority, setting forth why the request was denied."
15. Ohio State violated R.C. §149.43(B)(3) when it failed to provide an explanation or legal authority for its refusal to provide the public records requested.

SchrodingersCat

July 11th, 2011 at 8:28 PM ^

What I am hoping for is a real conspiracy to sweep this under the rug. The NCAA only gets volunteered info. If FOIA gets dragged in I think there is a greater chance the real documents see the light of day. Either way Ohio loses because more people hear about how poorly they handle legal problems. Seriously, everyone knows that you have to give a reason to deny public records requests. They didn't even make an attempt in the above example.

SanDiegoWolverine

July 11th, 2011 at 8:26 PM ^

Why wouldn't osu just omit any potentially damaging emails?  Another poster said that the hard drive would still have it but if anyone other than osu had access to the hard drive we wouldn't need a FOIA request.

It reminds me of the media making a big deal about the thousands of Sarah Palin emails.  It's very possible that there was nothing interesting in there as was reported but what would stop a state or in the case of osu a university from just "accidently" omitting some potentially damaging emails?  Unless there was a whistleblower I don't see how anyone would ever know.  If I'm missing something here please let me in.

BiSB

July 11th, 2011 at 8:32 PM ^

"Why wouldn't osu just omit any potentially damaging emails?"

Contempt is a hell of a motivator. No one at OSU is going to risk going to jail over this, especially the lower-level employees who would probably produce the stuff.

That's why I think it's possible that OSU withheld some of this stuff from the NCAA. The NCAA has no subpoena power, and has no contempt power.  There's much less danger in omitting stuff sent to them.  No one is gonna f*ck with the Ohio Supreme Court.

elaydin

July 11th, 2011 at 8:58 PM ^

I asked before, but why wouldn't they have withheld the Cicero emails?

If you're going to withold stuff from the NCAA, wouldn't the emails that kicked off the whole fiasco be a good start?

And what's with people negging just to keep from having a conversation?  

BiSB

July 11th, 2011 at 9:07 PM ^

It was because the Cicero e-mails leaked from Cicero's end as a result of the federal investigation.  Once people had a copy of the e-mails from the sender's end, it was impossible for Tressel to say, "what? He never sent me an e-mail." It would have looked ridiculous and disengenuous (because it would have been both). 

As for the negging, there is an old saying about nature of haters and their propensity to act in conformity therewith.

elaydin

July 11th, 2011 at 9:20 PM ^

The Cicero emails weren't discovered due to a Federal investigation.  They were discovered "while looking into an unreleated matter" (or something like that... likely another FOIA request).

Also, OSU has released other Tressel to Sarniak emails.  I think the issue here is how broad an FOIA request can be and how much feedback OSU is supposed to give a person when making an overly broad FOIA request.

From the Ohio public records act:

 

Moreover, R.C. §149.43(B)(2) requires that "[i]f a requester makes an ambiguous or
overly broad request or has difficulty in making a request for copies or inspection of publicrecords under this section such that the public office or the person responsible for the requested public record cannot reasonably identify what public records are being requested, the public office or the person responsible for the requested public record may deny the request but shall provide the requester with an opportunity to revise the request by informing the requester of the manner in which records are maintained by the public office and accessed in the ordinary course of the public office's or person's duties."

If you look through most of the FOIA request, when they're denied, OSU gives feedback as to why.  In the case of ESPN, this wasn't done (whether on error or a deliberate FU to ESPN).

Section 1

July 11th, 2011 at 8:58 PM ^

Somebody can correct me if I am wrong, but essentially this was a situation in which OSU, Pryor and the other involved parties voluntarily provided information to, and otherwise cooperated with, the NCAA in an investigation of the existing NoA.

In doing so, they did not hide behind legalisms; the NCAA does not have subpoena power.  The NCAA relies on the cooperation of member institutions and their staffs and student athletes.

It would make an awful lot of common sense to me, if the NCAA willingly conceded that materials disclosed under those conditions would be subject to FERPA, and that none of the privileges owed to a student-athlete under FERPA would be waived.

The NCAA cannot function without cooperation.  They are not prosecutors, nor civil plaintiffs.  They can't force depositions.  They can't subpoena records.  They can't compel production of documents or other things.  All they can do is ask.  And hope that the parties respond.  (Granted, the imputation of a lack of cooperation would be bad for any responding party, but that's a separate matter.)

At the same time, the NCAA is not a state licensing bureau.  It isn't the Judicial Tenure Commission, or the Board of Medicine.  Its decisions are public, but they involve parties who are expected to cooperate if the system is to function effectively.  But if the NCAA were the Jucidial Tenure Commission or the Board of Medicine, there would be many layers of privilege attaching to persons who appear for purposes of supplying documents or testimony.  ESPN (or the New York Times or NPR) can't get those records.  People would never cooperate in important civil investigations if they knew they'd be outed in public. 

There are of course limits.  Courtroom testimony is public; we all have an interest in the conduct of trials.  Lots of other matters of official public interest are, too.  That's why we have Public Meetings Acts.

Now I am not going to brief this issue for either side.  And I'm not going to predict how it will be resolved.  But on the basic philosophical issue, I find the OSU side to be the really compelling one.

And it is funny how ESPN would so jealously guard a confidential source of its own, in order to do an expose' of some claimed scandal.  But the network apparently won't allow OSU or the NCAA to maintain even the kind of confidentiality that is specificially set forth under the United States Code.

BiSB

July 11th, 2011 at 9:03 PM ^

This isn't about the NCAA investigation.  This is about communications between tOSU and Pryor's "mentor," who is wholly unrelated to the school or the NCAA.  The NCAA's investigations stuff will no doubt remain confidential, both for legal and prudential reasons.

As for whether there is a valid FERPA defense to the e-mails to Sarniak, I'd encourage you to read my posts above.  Ohio State doesn't have a principled reason (or a legal one) to share information with one random private citizen and not with another random private entity.

Section 1

July 11th, 2011 at 9:58 PM ^

They were very good; as they usually are.

I'm not going to fight this issue with you.  I'm not in a good position to know it as well as I'd like to, since this is a peculiarly Ohio problem under their law, in the first instance, and a FERPA problem in the second instance. 

I thought it was a very good explanation for the Board in the Comments above, as to why the Ohio Supreme Court would have original jurisdiction; I didn't see any mention of FERPA making it a federal question and the possibility of removal jurisdiction, but I suppose there is that too.  News organizations usually attach a lot of urgency to these kinds of cases, and courts frequently honor those requests.  I see this fight getting serious very quickly.

I think that this could be a wonderful case to learn from.  I'm looking forward to others fighting this one out.  Should be interesting.

BiSB

July 11th, 2011 at 10:25 PM ^

I didn't see any mention of FERPA making it a federal question and the possibility of removal jurisdiction

The Well-Pleaded Complaint Rule (L&N Railroad v. Mottley): a federal defense is not sufficient to confer federal question jurisdiction.  The federal issue must appear on the face of a well-pleaded complaint to allow removal. Bring on the bar.

As for why the Supreme Court would have original jurisdiction in a simple document request case... I have no flippin clue.  It's Ohio.

BlueNote

July 12th, 2011 at 12:20 AM ^

in many other states you can't bring a FOIA case directly to the state's Supreme Court.  That's because usually the statute stipulates where the case must be brought (in a lower court), and the usual rule allowing you to bring a writ of mandamus to the highest court can be ignored.  

This basically seems like a peculiarity of Ohio's Open Records Act.  

Seth9

July 11th, 2011 at 11:33 PM ^

It would make an awful lot of common sense to me, if the NCAA willingly conceded that materials disclosed under those conditions would be subject to FERPA, and that none of the privileges owed to a student-athlete under FERPA would be waived.
The NCAA did not get a report with blacked out names. They got the full report. After that, it's up to the university to make their response public or not. Public institutions subject to open records laws do not get the option to withhold such responses from the public and thus release their responses with names blacked out in accordance with FERPA.
 
With regard to ESPN, there is nothing unethical about what they are doing so long as they attempt to report the truth without engaging in unethical behavior to learn it. If a source for a story is credible and is reasonably concerned about facing backlash or retribution from others if their name becomes known, it is reasonable to protect their anonymity. Nor is it unethical to file suit against a public institution if they have reason to believe that the institution is illegally withholding information.

Mfan1974

July 11th, 2011 at 10:56 PM ^

being in ohio and seeing all this come down on their heads, WOW.

the fan base is shrinking,  buckeye gear is on sale and ppl aren't buying. It's down to 10% of the fans sporting gear.

i'm out of words.

sandiego

July 12th, 2011 at 1:42 AM ^

will vary depending on the state they are issued in.  I'm only familiar with CA, where you have to go superior - appellate - then supreme, but OHIO is obviously different.  Some interesting things:

1) In CA, if you can find a single document which wasn't produced per your request, you are eligible for attorney fees.  That means big dollars if you go to the highest court.

2) Bodies subject to public records laws (such as Ohio), tend to restrict access instead of encourage disclosure.  This is contrary to the entire premise behind Public Records laws, but you can only enforce it by going to court.

3) My personal bet, as a CA attorney, is they are fucked.  ESPN will get the information they want with minimal retractions and Ohio will pay a settlement.  They'll be all kinds of useless arguments about preemption and other stuff, but in the end the public right, especially when the student isn't being protected, outweighs the non-disclosure.

4) I'm kind of buzzed, sorry for any typos.

Go Blue!

Wolverman

July 12th, 2011 at 4:59 AM ^

What I would like to know is, if a new violation comes from these e-mails and phone records going public does that violate OSU's new self sanctioned probation?

RadioSimon1983

July 12th, 2011 at 6:29 AM ^

I would think so.  Unless it happens before OSU goes before the COI, and the NCAA pushes back the August 12th date.  If it happens before, the NCAA could just send them a new updated notice of allegations and force them to responded to that new updated notice. 

It'd be quite funny to see an ESPN report come out on August 13th claiming more wrongdoing at Ohio right after they were put on probation.  That would pretty much screw them for the next 5-10 years, if not longer.

MGoCooper

July 12th, 2011 at 10:43 AM ^

This is why Mgoblog is so great! I was really interested in this story, and I didn't have to go anywhere else to get the ins and outs of the legality of such a law suit. Brilliant stuff, proud to br a part of this community.

Section 1

July 12th, 2011 at 4:42 PM ^

I can't recall any better recent thread.  There's easily 25 or 30 great posts in this thread.  I think this thread could pass the essay portion of Bar Exam by itself.  Props to the OP for stewarding the conversation, and the other lawyers (and the law students, and others!) for supplying the tutorials on civil procedure and conflicts of law.  I haven't yet seen an article on the web about this topic that is pithier than this thread.  A reporter who wanted to dig into this story would be smart to start with this thread to get started.

Wolvie3758

July 12th, 2011 at 12:23 PM ^

With each new Lie coming out of OSU and Gene Smth this long hot summer is flying by...THANKS O-LIE-O $tate...thank you