Football Revenue and Away Games

Submitted by Ernis on
Avast ye! Though I may be best “known” for philosophical musings and general nonsense, I do dabble in quantitative studies from time to time. To the Number Crunching Gods, I offer up my crude financial analysis, so that we all may be enlightened regarding the scheduling practices with which we are so dissatisfied. In FY08 M made $139,410,000 in Other Auxiliary Enterprises [heretofore referred to as "OAE" -ed.] Revenue -- which consists of revenues generated by "intercollegiate athletics, parking, student unions, university press and student publications." The order of that list, I am sure, puts the biggest moneymakers first and goes down from there. I'm not going to bother trying to figure out exactly how much athletics contributes proportionally, and it doesn't matter a whole lot, as we shall see. They give some detail in terms of Auxiliary Enterprise Revenue, enough to figure out how much each category contributes to the total. OAE contributes 6% of the total revenue for this category. Now, here is the weak spot in my analysis. They do not give detail for Auxiliary Enterprise Expenses (just the total figure), so I assumed that the proportions of costs in each category were distributed according to the proportions of revenue generation. This is almost certainly a false assumption, but it gives us an approximation to work with, and is probably not terribly far off. So, with that in mind, I estimated OAE Expenses to be $133,760,370. Subtracting costs from revenues shows a yearly operating surplus of $5,649,630 for OAE. What does this have to do with our emasculated football scheduling practices? Yes, that's right, now we are getting to the good stuff. Using attendance figures and an estimate of 20,000 student tickets per game, and not counting validation stickers (data unavailable) I calculated the average revenue generated per home game at $5,455,438.14. The least profitable game was Miami (OH) at $4,876,700.00 and the most profitable was MSU at $6,399,490.00. Given our estimate of the operating surplus for OAE (of which athletics is only a part – albeit the most significant part, financially) we find that the average revenue per home game is 97% of this surplus. So, on average, one game creates almost the entire operating surplus for those activities (see above to be reminded of other programs/departments under the auspices of OAE, in addition to the other sports under the athletic department). Even the lowest revenue generator (Miami) constitutes 86% of this surplus. Behold the power of football. No wonder Bill Martin is unwilling to have another away game, which would basically discard the entire operating surplus for the athletic department et al. So it seems that Brian is right: It’s hopeless. But not entirely! As you can see from the table below, variability in ticket pricing leads to significant results. A high-profile game like MSU cost $65/ticket while the average ticket price (excluding MSU) was $53.83. If we get a big-name team to play, then surely the ticket price could be jacked up enough to compensate for a good portion of lost revenue from the subsequent away game (see the table: total revenue for the MSU game was more than one million dollars above the average, again excluding MSU from the recalculated average). Given the positive externalities generated by these high-profile match-ups (namely, being taken seriously as a national power, which leads to increased revenue in the long-run) it seems reasonable to schedule them once in a while and make adjustments (in costs –do you really need another opium den, athletes?— and ticket pricing) to minimize the harm from lost revenue. But will this happen? I doubt it, as the stated reason for the Endless Domer Duel (EDD) and the data available indicate a highly conservative financial philosophy… they just don’t seem willing to take risks. However, when (if) the economy rebounds and the financing of the new stadium construction becomes more manageable, we may see a decrease in this conservative approach. Let us pray.
Tables: FOOTBALL TICKET REVENUE Team / Price / Attendance / Student price / Non-student attend / Non-student $ / Student $ / Total $ Utah / 50 / 108,421 / 27 / 88,421 / $4,421,050.00 / $540,000.00 / $4,961,050.00 Miami / 50 / 106,734 / 27 / 86,734 / $4,336,700.00 / $540,000.00 / $4,876,700.00 Wisco / 59 / 109,833 / 27 / 89,833 / $5,300,147.00 / $540,000.00 / $5,840,147.00 Illinois / 59 / 109,750 / 27 / 89,750 / $5,295,250.00 / $540,000.00 / $5,835,250.00 Toledo / 50 / 107,267 / 27 / 87,267 / $4,363,350.00 / $540,000.00 / $4,903,350.00 MSU / 65 / 110,146 / 27 / 90,146 / $5,859,490.00 / $540,000.00 / $6,399,490.00 NW / 55 / 107,856 / 27 / 87,856 / $4,832,080.00 / $540,000.00 / $5,372,080.00 Avg / $55.43 / 108572 / 27 / 88572 / $4,915,438.14 / $540,000.00 / $5,455,438.14 Total / / 760007 / / 620007 / $34,408,067.00 / $3,780,000.00 / $38,188,067.00 AUXILIARY ENTERPRISES Revenue $ (in thousands) / % of total Patient care $ 2,105,492.00 / 91% Student res fees $ 74,759.00 / 3% Other $ 139,410.00 / 6% Total $ 2,319,661.00 / 100% Expenses* $ (in thousands) / % of total Patient care $ 2,020,166.27 / 91% Student res fees $ 71,729.37 / 3% Other $ 133,760.37 / 6% Total $ 2,225,656.00 / 100% "Other" operating surplus $5,649.63 * see discussion for assumption in calculating proportional expenses Revenue per game as proportion of operating surplus: Average 97% Lowest 86% Highest 113% Sources: http://www.mlive.com/wolverines/football/index.ssf/2008/05/football_tic… http://www.mgoblue.com/football/page.aspx?id=84112 http://www.finops.umich.edu/reports/2008/

Comments

rdlwolverine

April 30th, 2009 at 3:45 PM ^

I don't know how the University's arrangements with the concessionaires are set up, but presumably if there are more home games there is more concessions revenue. That's probably at least $100K per game. Also, the home team has the broadcast rights to the game. This is where the continuation of the Notre Dame series is highly valuable. The University's/conference's television contract no doubt takes into account the value of having a Michigan/Notre Dame matchup available every other year. I don't know how much the value of a Michigan/Oregon (for example) matchup every other year compares to the value of having a Michigan/MAC matchup every year in the contract. Maybe not much and perhaps it favors the every other year matchup with a BCS foe.

wile_e8

April 30th, 2009 at 3:47 PM ^

No wonder Bill Martin is unwilling to have another away game, which would basically discard the entire operating surplus for the athletic department et al. Something worth noting, this was a seven home game season. So another away game to leave no surplus would mean only six home games. The main part of this discussion focuses on this upcoming season, when Notre Dame is coming to town and we have eight home games and will have an even larger surplus. Apparently setting up another home-and-home traveling in opposite years would still give the surplus from seven games. Of course, that extra surplus may become smaller as paying for all the construction kicks into gear.

UM2k1

April 30th, 2009 at 3:53 PM ^

I can tell you put WAY too much time into this. One question I have is, didn't we only play seven home games last year? I see that the average game nets Michigan nearly $5.5M, but all things being equal, wouldn't replacing say Miami($4M revenue)last year with BCS school X (~$6M revenue), and then playing only seven home games this (with us returning to BSC school X) really only end up giving up $2M? (add $2M last year, subtract $4M this year, assuming we wouldn't play Western or Del St.)? The Athletic dept. would still operate at a surplus, and that $2M lost from ticket revenue could easily be made up with merchandising/exposure from high profile contests? just a thought...

Ernis

April 30th, 2009 at 8:55 PM ^

Though there is a lot to the underlying values behind financial evaluation that I disagree with; in particular, the exponential-growth-based economy. And that probably factors into why we are seeing things the way we are and not more along the lines of what you recommend. Basically, having a surplus isn't enough. Each fiscal year, your profit margin is expected to grow (growth*growth=growth^2, hence "exponential"). So even if you post an operating surplus, but it is smaller than your surplus from the prior year, that is considered a failure, financially. It's a stupid expectation, because so long as you post a profit it means your organization is growing and everyone in the organization is financially supported. But the expectation is for that growth to grow... because the organization and the people in it aren't the main concern, rather the profit itself.

jmblue

May 2nd, 2009 at 11:33 AM ^

But keep in mind: we have a $230 stadium renovation debt to pay off. Servicing it will take years. It's in our best interests to maximize revenue now and pay the debt down ASAP in case we need to do any large projects down the road.

Blake

April 30th, 2009 at 4:18 PM ^

What isn't being taken into account is that for conference games, the Big Ten has a revenue sharing plan where a portion of gate receipts are thrown into a pot and re-distributed. Since Michigan Stadium is so big, the Athletic Department would be throwing a disproportionate amount of revenue into the pot than say Northwestern and Indiana. The same goes for non-conference games where those teams get a paycheck for showing up.

bronxblue

April 30th, 2009 at 4:51 PM ^

Well done! While I agree that financially is does not make a great deal of sense to give up a home game for a BCS home-and-home, the increase in ticket prices for a big-name opponent (like with MSU) would certainly help to offset the loss revenue from the missed home game the next year. Make $6M against Tenn., and you are only out about $2M from the gates over the two-year contract (as noted by UM2k1). Along those lines, I hope that Martin is also looking for ways to cut costs as a way to increase the yearly surplus and, hopefully, cover a home-and-home match-up. I know that some major projects have kicked off that might make this difficult, but this program has been operating at a surplus for years; they should have enough in the bank of handle the slight drop in revenue this series would create.

mjv

May 2nd, 2009 at 12:21 AM ^

the athletic department has only been operating in the black since Martin replaced Goss. It was a money loser for a number of years. Add to that equation the amount of deferred maintenance that had piled up and it was a large financial hole that Martin had to dig out of.

Mattinboots

April 30th, 2009 at 5:54 PM ^

Let's not forget that we share significantly more revenue with the visiting non-conference team than we do with visiting Big Ten opponents. A 60/40 split is coming to mind, which is part of the incentive for small schools to come in and get pounded (or at least that was the case before we started to lose...ugh). Assuming we do such splits with ND, it is reasonable to assume we get 40% of the revenue from games in South Bend. It is also reasonable to assume we would structure any home-and-home contract similarly. Thus, we are only foregoing 20% of revenue (assuming simlar level ticket sales which would require a HAH with a Tennessee or similar). Edit: I think BM is just set in his ways and is refusing to do anything different until we achieve relevancy.

J.W. Wells Co.

May 1st, 2009 at 4:37 PM ^

Except that U-M and ND *don't* split gates, unless things have changed with their latest contracts. In the U-M and ND series, the home team keeps the entire gate, and the visiting team is given a paltry $100k travel expense check, which really amounts to nothing, since the teams just exchange checks back and forth.

Ernis

April 30th, 2009 at 9:17 PM ^

All around, good contributions in the comments. Some of these highlight the weakness in my analysis, which I would like to point out up front: -As stated, some of the assumptions in arriving at these figures may not be entirely valid. Unfortunately, the last time the athletic department released their detailed financial statements was 98-99 (as far as I could find, at least), prior to Bill Martin taking over and turning the budget around. Thus, inferences abound. -My analysis does not factor in numerous sources of revenue (and costs), such as revenue sharing between teams, revenue sharing in the Big Ten, validation stickers, TV broadcasting rights, and concession sales. -2008 being a 7-home-game year may have resulted in a lower operating surplus this year, thus inflating the significance, proportionally, of each home game in relation. Looking at figures from 2007 would be valuable, which I can do later as a supplement. In general, most of these considerations take place "behind the scenes" of the figures I was working with and so, while certainly are worth noting, do not tremendously affect the overall relevance of the analysis. The most significant confounders, as I see it, are the as-yet unknown effects of the 7-home-game season and the proportion of revenue lost per game (due to sharing). The result of the analysis remains valid -- that the ticket sales alone from a single home football game contribute a highly significant (probably crucial) amount of operating revenue for the athletic department and the other departments it supports.

funkywolve

May 1st, 2009 at 4:07 PM ^

when they're scheduling 1-AA teams to get the home game. Do they really have to do that? If you put the schedule together far enough ahead of time (not waiting until there's less then a year) I would think you would be able to have 4 non-conference games against D1 schools. ND is going to be one, there will probably be a couple of MAC schools, but why can't Martin get some other lower level D1 schools to come here? Say a low level conference USA team, Sun Belt or WAC. It's probably no concidence that both App St and Delaware St were scheduled less then a year before the games took place. If you start filling out your schedule years in advance maybe then you can still get all home games you want without having to go to 1-AA to do so.

mjv

May 2nd, 2009 at 12:24 AM ^

part of the issue is that the NCAA only made the 12th game a permanent feature a couple of years ago. So it has been a scramble to fill the 12th slot. (Previously, 12 games were only permitted if there were at least X weekends between Labor Day and Thanksgiving, or something like that.) I would hope that the AD is able to fill these 12th games with D1-A opponents in the coming years now that the 12th game is permanent

mjv

May 2nd, 2009 at 12:25 AM ^

Nice analysis. Obviously a lot of assumptions were required, but directionally it is very informative. One of the best posts I've read on MGo in a while.